{"id":6216,"date":"2026-05-06T17:13:20","date_gmt":"2026-05-06T15:13:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marsad.sahafa.tn\/?p=6216"},"modified":"2026-06-16T16:45:25","modified_gmt":"2026-06-16T14:45:25","slug":"%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%aa%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%88%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%aa%d8%a8%d8%a9-137-%d8%b9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marsad.sahafa.tn\/fr\/%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%aa%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%88%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%aa%d8%a8%d8%a9-137-%d8%b9\/","title":{"rendered":"De la premi\u00e8re place arabe \u00e0 la 137e mondiale : comment la Tunisie a recul\u00e9 en libert\u00e9 de la presse ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Depuis la r\u00e9volution du 14 janvier 2011, la Tunisie a connu un parcours fluctuant dans l\u2019indice de libert\u00e9 de la presse publi\u00e9 par \u00ab Reporters sans fronti\u00e8res \u00bb. Elle est pass\u00e9e d\u2019un pays class\u00e9 parmi les r\u00e9gimes les plus r\u00e9pressifs \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard des m\u00e9dias dans le monde arabe \u00e0 un mod\u00e8le r\u00e9gional en mati\u00e8re de libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression, avant d\u2019entrer, ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, dans une phase de recul acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 qui l\u2019a conduite en 2026 \u00e0 la 137e place mondiale.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:post-content -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>Ce parcours ne refl\u00e8te pas seulement l\u2019\u00e9volution d\u2019un classement annuel dans un indice international, mais r\u00e9sume \u00e9galement les transformations politiques, l\u00e9gislatives et institutionnelles que le pays a connues \u00e0 travers trois phases distinctes : la p\u00e9riode pr\u00e9-r\u00e9volutionnaire, la transition d\u00e9mocratique, puis la p\u00e9riode post-25 juillet 2021.<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>L\u2019indice de Reporters sans fronti\u00e8res repose sur plusieurs crit\u00e8res, notamment l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance des m\u00e9dias, le cadre juridique, la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des journalistes et les pressions politiques et \u00e9conomiques, ce qui fait que les changements politiques et institutionnels se r\u00e9percutent directement sur le classement des pays.<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":6217,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"630\" height=\"349\" class=\"wp-image-6217\" src=\"https:\/\/marsad.sahafa.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/marsad.sahafa.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image.png 630w, https:\/\/marsad.sahafa.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image-300x166.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>Graphique : crit\u00e8res de l\u2019indice de Reporters sans fronti\u00e8res pour la libert\u00e9 de la presse<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p><strong>Un m\u00e9dia sous contr\u00f4le avant la r\u00e9volution<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>Avant 2011, la Tunisie \u00e9tait class\u00e9e parmi les pays les plus restrictifs en mati\u00e8re de libert\u00e9 de la presse dans la r\u00e9gion. Lors du dernier classement avant la chute du r\u00e9gime de Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali, le pays occupait la 164e place mondiale sur 178 pays (en 2010).<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>Le paysage m\u00e9diatique \u00e9tait alors domin\u00e9 par le pouvoir ex\u00e9cutif, soit par une censure directe, soit par un syst\u00e8me administratif et s\u00e9curitaire contr\u00f4lant les autorisations, les contenus et les lignes \u00e9ditoriales. Les journaux, cha\u00eenes et radios \u00e9voluaient dans une marge tr\u00e8s \u00e9troite ne permettant pas la critique du pouvoir.<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>Des journalistes et des blogueurs ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et emp\u00each\u00e9s de travailler, tandis que le r\u00e9seau internet a connu de vastes \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a de blocage de sites d\u2019information et de blogs, dans ce qui \u00e9tait connu sous le nom de \u00ab Ammar 404 \u00bb.<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>Durant cette p\u00e9riode, \u00ab Reporters sans fronti\u00e8res \u00bb classait la Tunisie parmi les pays \u00ab ennemis d\u2019Internet \u00bb, dans un contexte d\u2019absence quasi totale de m\u00e9dias ind\u00e9pendants ou de pluralisme m\u00e9diatique.<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":6218,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"757\" height=\"413\" class=\"wp-image-6218\" src=\"https:\/\/marsad.sahafa.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image-1.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/marsad.sahafa.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image-1.png 757w, https:\/\/marsad.sahafa.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image-1-300x164.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 757px) 100vw, 757px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p><strong>La r\u00e9volution et l\u2019ouverture m\u00e9diatique<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>Avec la chute du r\u00e9gime en janvier 2011, le secteur m\u00e9diatique a connu une transformation radicale. Bien que le classement de la Tunisie soit rest\u00e9 relativement bas durant les premi\u00e8res ann\u00e9es post-r\u00e9volution, avec une 133e place en 2011 puis 138e en 2013, la marge de libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression s\u2019est consid\u00e9rablement \u00e9largie par rapport \u00e0 la p\u00e9riode pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente.<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>Plusieurs facteurs ont contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019am\u00e9lioration progressive du classement, notamment la lev\u00e9e de la censure pr\u00e9alable sur les m\u00e9dias, l\u2019octroi d\u2019autorisations \u00e0 des dizaines de radios, cha\u00eenes et journaux, ainsi que la promulgation du d\u00e9cret-loi n\u00b0115 de 2011 et du d\u00e9cret-loi n\u00b0116 de 2011, qui ont constitu\u00e9 le nouveau cadre juridique de la libert\u00e9 de la presse et de l\u2019audiovisuel.<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>La cr\u00e9ation de la Haute Autorit\u00e9 ind\u00e9pendante de la communication audiovisuelle a \u00e9galement contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019organisation du secteur, parall\u00e8lement \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9largissement du d\u00e9bat politique et \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9mergence de m\u00e9dias et plateformes num\u00e9riques ind\u00e9pendants.<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce climat, la Tunisie a int\u00e9gr\u00e9 en 2016 le top 100 mondial en occupant la 96e place, avant d\u2019atteindre son meilleur classement en 2019 et 2020 avec une 72e place mondiale, devenant ainsi leader dans le monde arabe.<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":6219,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"757\" height=\"413\" class=\"wp-image-6219\" src=\"https:\/\/marsad.sahafa.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image-2.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/marsad.sahafa.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image-2.png 757w, https:\/\/marsad.sahafa.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image-2-300x164.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 757px) 100vw, 757px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>Durant cette p\u00e9riode, les m\u00e9dias sont devenus un espace ouvert de d\u00e9bat politique, de r\u00e9v\u00e9lation de dossiers de corruption et de contr\u00f4le des responsables publics, malgr\u00e9 certaines probl\u00e9matiques li\u00e9es \u00e0 la polarisation politique et \u00e0 la fragilit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique des institutions m\u00e9diatiques.<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p><strong>Un recul acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 apr\u00e8s 2021<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>La tendance au recul du classement de la Tunisie a commenc\u00e9 l\u00e9g\u00e8rement en 2021, lorsque le pays a perdu une seule place en passant de la 72e \u00e0 la 73e position mondiale. Cependant, ce recul s\u2019est fortement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 apr\u00e8s les mesures du 25 juillet 2021, date \u00e0 laquelle le pr\u00e9sident Ka\u00efs Sa\u00efed a gel\u00e9 les travaux du Parlement et \u00e9largi les pouvoirs de l\u2019ex\u00e9cutif.<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>Depuis cette date, la Tunisie a enregistr\u00e9 une baisse continue dans le classement de \u00ab Reporters sans fronti\u00e8res \u00bb : 94e en 2022, 121e en 2023, puis un l\u00e9ger gain de trois places en 2024 (118e). Mais cette am\u00e9lioration est rest\u00e9e limit\u00e9e et temporaire, puisque le pays est redescendu \u00e0 la 129e place en 2025 puis \u00e0 la 137e en 2026. La Tunisie a ainsi perdu 65 places par rapport \u00e0 son meilleur classement de 2020, se rapprochant \u00e0 nouveau de son niveau du d\u00e9but de l\u2019indice, lorsqu\u2019elle occupait la 128e place mondiale en 2002 sous le r\u00e9gime de Ben Ali.<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":6220,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"757\" height=\"413\" class=\"wp-image-6220\" src=\"https:\/\/marsad.sahafa.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image-3.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/marsad.sahafa.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image-3.png 757w, https:\/\/marsad.sahafa.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image-3-300x164.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 757px) 100vw, 757px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>\u00ab Reporters sans fronti\u00e8res \u00bb et plusieurs organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits humains attribuent ce recul \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9volution du climat politique et juridique encadrant la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression et de la presse, notamment avec la multiplication des poursuites judiciaires contre des journalistes, blogueurs et professionnels des m\u00e9dias en raison de contenus publi\u00e9s ou de d\u00e9clarations publiques.<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>Dans ce contexte, le d\u00e9cret-loi n\u00b054 de 2022 relatif \u00e0 la lutte contre les infractions li\u00e9es aux syst\u00e8mes d\u2019information et de communication est particuli\u00e8rement controvers\u00e9, en raison de son utilisation dans des poursuites visant des journalistes et blogueurs dans des affaires li\u00e9es \u00e0 la publication et \u00e0 l\u2019expression, sous des chefs tels que \u00ab diffusion de fausses informations \u00bb ou \u00ab atteinte \u00e0 autrui via les r\u00e9seaux de communication \u00bb.<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>Les donn\u00e9es du Syndicat national des journalistes tunisiens indiquent \u00e9galement un recours croissant au Code p\u00e9nal, au Code des t\u00e9l\u00e9communications et \u00e0 la loi antiterroriste pour poursuivre des journalistes dans le cadre de leur activit\u00e9 professionnelle, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019existence d\u2019un cadre juridique sp\u00e9cifique aux d\u00e9lits de presse incarn\u00e9 principalement par le d\u00e9cret-loi n\u00b0115 de 2011.<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>Ce recul ne se limite pas \u00e0 l\u2019aspect judiciaire. Des rapports professionnels et de d\u00e9fense des droits humains \u00e9voquent d\u2019autres facteurs : pressions politiques sur les m\u00e9dias, mont\u00e9e des discours de stigmatisation contre les journalistes, crise \u00e9conomique des entreprises de presse, fermeture ou difficult\u00e9 de plusieurs m\u00e9dias, ainsi que recul de l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019information apr\u00e8s la paralysie de l\u2019Instance d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019information.<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p><strong>De l\u2019exception d\u00e9mocratique \u00e0 une crise des garanties<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>L\u2019\u00e9volution du classement de la Tunisie dans les rapports de Reporters sans fronti\u00e8res montre que la libert\u00e9 de la presse est \u00e9troitement li\u00e9e au climat politique et institutionnel du pays.<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>Sous Ben Ali, le faible classement refl\u00e9tait un syst\u00e8me politique fond\u00e9 sur la censure et le contr\u00f4le direct du champ m\u00e9diatique, dans un contexte d\u2019absence quasi totale de pluralisme et de libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression. Apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9volution, l\u2019am\u00e9lioration du classement traduisait une ouverture politique et juridique permettant aux m\u00e9dias de jouer un r\u00f4le plus important dans la vie publique et le contr\u00f4le du pouvoir.<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>Le recul observ\u00e9 depuis le 25 juillet 2021 refl\u00e8te, selon des organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits humains et des professionnels du secteur, une crise plus profonde li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019affaiblissement des garanties juridiques et institutionnelles mises en place apr\u00e8s 2011, ainsi qu\u2019au retour d\u2019un climat de pression et de peur dans le secteur, mais avec des outils diff\u00e9rents de ceux d\u2019avant la r\u00e9volution, reposant principalement sur les poursuites judiciaires, les textes juridiques et les pressions \u00e9conomiques.<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>Dans ce contexte, des organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits humains et professionnelles alertent sur un \u00ab d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement progressif des acquis d\u00e9mocratiques \u00bb obtenus apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9volution et sur le retour de restrictions \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression par le biais du pouvoir judiciaire et des lois r\u00e9pressives plut\u00f4t que par la censure polici\u00e8re directe.<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>\u00c0 l\u2019occasion de la Journ\u00e9e mondiale de la libert\u00e9 de la presse, Amnesty International a appel\u00e9 \u00e0 la lib\u00e9ration de tous les prisonniers d\u2019opinion, affirmant que la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression demeure un droit fondamental qui ne doit pas \u00eatre criminalis\u00e9.<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>Entre la 72e place en 2020 et la 137e en 2026, il ne s\u2019agit plus d\u2019un simple recul dans un classement international, mais d\u2019une transformation de la place de la libert\u00e9 de la presse dans le paysage politique tunisien. Apr\u00e8s des ann\u00e9es durant lesquelles la Tunisie \u00e9tait pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e comme une exception arabe en mati\u00e8re de libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression et de m\u00e9dias, la presse fait d\u00e9sormais face \u00e0 des pressions croissantes qui touchent son ind\u00e9pendance et les garanties juridiques encadrant son travail, dans un contexte de pr\u00e9occupations grandissantes quant \u00e0 l\u2019avenir de la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression dans le pays.<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>\u00ab\u00a0`<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Depuis la r\u00e9volution du 14 janvier 2011, la Tunisie a connu un parcours fluctuant dans l\u2019indice de libert\u00e9 de la [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":6222,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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