{"id":6203,"date":"2026-05-04T19:38:28","date_gmt":"2026-05-04T17:38:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marsad.sahafa.tn\/?p=6203"},"modified":"2026-05-20T14:44:41","modified_gmt":"2026-05-20T12:44:41","slug":"%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%b6%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%82%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marsad.sahafa.tn\/fr\/%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%b6%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%82%d8%a7\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c0 l&rsquo;occasion de la Journ\u00e9e mondiale de la libert\u00e9 de la presse : restrictions juridiques et crise sociale et \u00e9conomique"},"content":{"rendered":"\u00ab\u00a0`html id=\u00a0\u00bbt3p8qv\u00a0\u00bb\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le 3 mai de chaque ann\u00e9e, le monde c\u00e9l\u00e8bre la Journ\u00e9e mondiale de la libert\u00e9 de la presse, une initiative instaur\u00e9e par l\u2019UNESCO afin de renouveler l\u2019engagement en faveur de la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression et de mettre en lumi\u00e8re la situation des journalistes. Cette ann\u00e9e, la journ\u00e9e est plac\u00e9e sous le th\u00e8me \u00ab Les d\u00e9fis des m\u00e9dias face aux transformations num\u00e9riques et aux pressions croissantes \u00bb. Elle s\u2019inscrit dans un contexte mondial tendu, marqu\u00e9 par un recul des indicateurs de libert\u00e9 de la presse dans plusieurs r\u00e9gions du monde.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En Tunisie, le constat n\u2019est gu\u00e8re diff\u00e9rent. Cette journ\u00e9e est pass\u00e9e d\u2019un moment de c\u00e9l\u00e9bration des acquis \u00e0 un espace de mise en question du secteur. La libert\u00e9 de la presse, autrefois consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme l\u2019un des principaux acquis de l\u2019apr\u00e8s-r\u00e9volution, fait aujourd\u2019hui face \u00e0 des d\u00e9fis multiples et imbriqu\u00e9s, allant des restrictions juridiques aux pressions politiques, en passant par la fragilit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique et les transformations num\u00e9riques et sociales qui red\u00e9finissent la relation entre les journalistes, l\u2019information et le public.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Un paysage mondial marqu\u00e9 par le recul et la mutation des pressions<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle internationale, le rapport annuel de Reporters sans fronti\u00e8res r\u00e9v\u00e8le un contexte global instable pour la libert\u00e9 de la presse. Les menaces ne se limitent plus \u00e0 la violence directe ou \u00e0 la censure classique, mais prennent des formes plus complexes, notamment ce que l\u2019on qualifie de \u00ab guerre juridique \u00bb contre les journalistes. Ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne repose sur l\u2019utilisation des lois et des proc\u00e9dures judiciaires non pas pour encadrer ou prot\u00e9ger, mais souvent pour restreindre le travail journalistique et affaiblir les voix critiques.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On observe ainsi une multiplication des poursuites jug\u00e9es abusives contre les journalistes dans plusieurs pays, l\u2019usage de textes juridiques vagues pour limiter la libert\u00e9 de la presse, ainsi qu\u2019une pression politique accrue sur les m\u00e9dias publics et priv\u00e9s. Ces dynamiques ont contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 cr\u00e9er un environnement mondial plus fragile qu\u2019au cours des ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes, y compris dans certains pays traditionnellement consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme avanc\u00e9s en mati\u00e8re de libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ce recul ne se limite pas \u00e0 une zone g\u00e9ographique pr\u00e9cise. Il touche aussi bien l\u2019Europe de l\u2019Est et l\u2019Asie centrale que le Moyen-Orient et l\u2019Afrique du Nord, ainsi que certaines r\u00e9gions des Am\u00e9riques, o\u00f9 s\u2019entrem\u00ealent violence politique, criminalit\u00e9 organis\u00e9e, contraintes juridiques et pressions \u00e9conomiques.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>La Tunisie \u00e0 la 137\u1d49 place mondiale<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans ce contexte global, la Tunisie ne fait pas exception. Selon le classement de Reporters sans fronti\u00e8res, le pays occupe la 137\u1d49 place mondiale en mati\u00e8re de libert\u00e9 de la presse. Ce classement refl\u00e8te un recul continu ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es et renvoie \u00e0 plusieurs indicateurs li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019environnement juridique et institutionnel du travail journalistique.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le cadre juridique constitue l\u2019un des principaux facteurs de ce recul, notamment en raison des controverses autour du d\u00e9cret-loi n\u00b054 relatif \u00e0 la lutte contre les infractions li\u00e9es aux syst\u00e8mes d\u2019information et de communication. Plusieurs journalistes et membres du Syndicat national des journalistes tunisiens estiment que ce texte peut \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 pour \u00e9largir les poursuites contre la presse critique, plut\u00f4t que de se limiter \u00e0 la r\u00e9gulation de l\u2019espace num\u00e9rique et \u00e0 la protection de l\u2019information.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Selon la membre du bureau ex\u00e9cutif du syndicat, Jihane Louati, \u00ab le syndicat a observ\u00e9 ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es une transformation profonde de la nature des atteintes, qui ne se limitent plus aux agressions physiques ou de terrain, mais deviennent syst\u00e9matiques et juridiques, \u00e0 travers l\u2019usage du d\u00e9cret-loi 54 comme principal outil de poursuite, alors que les m\u00e9canismes de protection de la profession, notamment les d\u00e9crets 115 et 116, sont affaiblis. Le cadre juridique est ainsi pass\u00e9 d\u2019un outil de protection \u00e0 un instrument de pression sur les voix libres \u00bb.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Par ailleurs, les cas de d\u00e9tention et de poursuites judiciaires contre des journalistes se multiplient, ainsi que les suspensions de certains m\u00e9dias ind\u00e9pendants, ce qui renforce l\u2019id\u00e9e d\u2019un recours accru \u00e0 la justice comme outil de gestion du secteur m\u00e9diatique. Cette tendance est d\u00e9nonc\u00e9e par plusieurs acteurs de la profession.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans ce contexte, la vice-pr\u00e9sidente du Conseil de la presse, Hanan Zbiss, estime que le niveau des libert\u00e9s en Tunisie conna\u00eet un recul clair, soulignant que cette \u00e9volution est indissociable du contexte politique g\u00e9n\u00e9ral et des transformations institutionnelles r\u00e9centes.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>La presse entre contraintes juridiques et r\u00e9alit\u00e9 professionnelle quotidienne<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les effets de cette situation ne se limitent pas aux textes juridiques ou aux indicateurs globaux, mais se traduisent directement dans le travail quotidien des journalistes, aussi bien dans les r\u00e9dactions que sur le terrain. L\u2019exercice du journalisme est devenu plus complexe, notamment en mati\u00e8re d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019information et de couverture des sujets sensibles li\u00e9s aux affaires publiques.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Selon Hanan Zbiss, \u00ab cette situation impacte directement le contenu m\u00e9diatique et l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019information, en particulier l\u2019information officielle, les journalistes rencontrant des obstacles et parfois des pressions lors de leurs demandes de donn\u00e9es ou de d\u00e9clarations, pouvant aller jusqu\u2019\u00e0 une tentative d\u2019orientation du contenu m\u00e9diatique \u00bb.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sur la p\u00e9riode d\u2019avril 2025 \u00e0 avril 2026, 61 journalistes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes d\u2019atteintes li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019acc\u00e8s et \u00e0 la diffusion de l\u2019information, sur un total de 91 atteintes recens\u00e9es dans le rapport de la cellule de veille du Centre de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 professionnelle du Syndicat national des journalistes tunisiens.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les poursuites judiciaires contre les journalistes se multiplient \u00e9galement, y compris des affaires consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme abusives par plusieurs observateurs, ce qui cr\u00e9e un climat de pression professionnelle et psychologique. Cela conduit \u00e0 une autocensure accrue et \u00e0 une prudence \u00e9ditoriale face aux sujets sensibles.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Parall\u00e8lement, les pressions \u00e9conomiques fragilisent davantage le secteur. De nombreux m\u00e9dias font face \u00e0 une situation financi\u00e8re difficile en raison de la baisse des revenus publicitaires et de la faiblesse des ressources, ce qui r\u00e9duit leur ind\u00e9pendance \u00e9ditoriale et les rend plus vuln\u00e9rables aux influences ext\u00e9rieures.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>La crise \u00e9conomique, un facteur structurant invisible<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019analyse de la situation de la presse en Tunisie ne peut \u00eatre compl\u00e8te sans prendre en compte la dimension \u00e9conomique. Le mod\u00e8le traditionnel bas\u00e9 sur la publicit\u00e9 et les abonnements est en d\u00e9clin, dans un contexte de contraction du march\u00e9 publicitaire et de baisse de la presse papier.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cette crise n\u2019est pas seulement conjoncturelle, mais structurelle. Elle a conduit \u00e0 la fermeture ou \u00e0 la restructuration de plusieurs m\u00e9dias et \u00e0 une transformation profonde de leurs mod\u00e8les \u00e9conomiques et \u00e9ditoriaux.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019absence de solutions durables a entra\u00een\u00e9 une d\u00e9pendance accrue \u00e0 des sources de financement limit\u00e9es, posant des questions sur l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance \u00e9ditoriale et exposant certains m\u00e9dias \u00e0 des influences indirectes li\u00e9es aux annonceurs ou aux financeurs.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Transformations sociales et num\u00e9riques<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sur le plan social, le journalisme tunisien fait face \u00e0 une crise de confiance croissante du public. Cette situation est aliment\u00e9e par la d\u00e9sinformation sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux et la mont\u00e9e des discours hostiles aux journalistes.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Selon le rapport annuel sur les libert\u00e9s journalistiques publi\u00e9 par le Syndicat national des journalistes tunisiens le 2 mai 2026, 20 journalistes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes de campagnes d\u2019incitation et de menaces dans l\u2019espace num\u00e9rique entre acteurs des r\u00e9seaux sociaux.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les plateformes num\u00e9riques sont ainsi devenues un espace parall\u00e8le o\u00f9 circulent attaques, d\u00e9sinformation et conflits de r\u00e9cits, compliquant davantage le travail journalistique et fragilisant le r\u00f4le des m\u00e9dias professionnels dans la production d\u2019une information fiable.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cette mutation a profond\u00e9ment transform\u00e9 la relation entre le public et l\u2019information, en multipliant les sources parfois non professionnelles, ce qui accentue la crise de confiance dans les m\u00e9dias traditionnels.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Contexte politique et institutionnel<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sur le plan politique, les transformations institutionnelles en Tunisie depuis 2021 ont eu un impact direct sur la libert\u00e9 de la presse. Les \u00e9volutions constitutionnelles et l\u00e9gislatives, notamment apr\u00e8s la Constitution de 2022, ont modifi\u00e9 l\u2019\u00e9quilibre entre les pouvoirs, renfor\u00e7ant le r\u00f4le de l\u2019ex\u00e9cutif, ce qui a suscit\u00e9 des d\u00e9bats sur les garanties constitutionnelles de la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les changements dans la gestion des m\u00e9dias publics et l\u2019absence de cadre institutionnel stable pour r\u00e9guler les relations entre l\u2019\u00c9tat et les m\u00e9dias ont \u00e9galement contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 un flou juridique et institutionnel affectant l\u2019ensemble du secteur.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Selon Hanan Zbiss, \u00ab exercer le journalisme en toute ind\u00e9pendance est devenu extr\u00eamement difficile, dans un contexte de contr\u00f4le des m\u00e9dias publics et d\u2019influence sur une partie des m\u00e9dias priv\u00e9s, ce qui favorise le retour de la peur et le d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019autocensure dans les r\u00e9dactions \u00bb.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La libert\u00e9 de la presse en Tunisie traverse aujourd\u2019hui une phase critique o\u00f9 se combinent contraintes juridiques, pressions \u00e9conomiques et transformations sociales. Dans cet environnement complexe, les journalistes font face \u00e0 des d\u00e9fis multiples qui n\u00e9cessitent un renforcement des garanties l\u00e9gales et institutionnelles pour pr\u00e9server l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance du m\u00e9tier.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si la Journ\u00e9e mondiale de la libert\u00e9 de la presse constitue une occasion de r\u00e9flexion globale sur l\u2019\u00e9tat du m\u00e9tier, elle r\u00e9v\u00e8le dans le cas tunisien la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019une r\u00e9forme approfondie des politiques m\u00e9diatiques afin de garantir un cadre \u00e9quilibr\u00e9, protecteur et durable pour la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\r\n\r\n\u00ab\u00a0`","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00ab\u00a0`html id=\u00a0\u00bbt3p8qv\u00a0\u00bb Le 3 mai de chaque ann\u00e9e, le monde c\u00e9l\u00e8bre la Journ\u00e9e mondiale de la libert\u00e9 de la presse, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":6204,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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